SCIENCE.
Life on the
Earth would be dull and even impossible without science and scientific
inventions. Russian scientists have achieved great success in the development
of physics, especially atomic physics, chemistry, biology, and others.
Let’s take
peaceful atom, for e.g. Atomic icebreakers lead caravans of ships through the
thick Arctic icefields. Atomic power stations give electric power to many
towns, factories, villagers and farms in Russia (the peaceful atom has its role
in medicine, too). A lot of robots have been built in our country for industry,
transport (remember tractors in Chernobyl), medicine and agriculture.
Not long ago
in 1955 the world “laser” became known, too. The first laser was invented by
the American Theodor Maiman. A laser is a machine for making and concentrating
light waves into a very intense beam. The letters LASER stand for Light
Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The light made by a laser is
more intense than ordinary light all the light waves are of different length and
with the laser there are same length and this increases the intensity.
Lasers are
used now for many scientific, medical and industrial purposes. The thin beam of
light gives a lot of heat and is used to join metal, when a very small joint is
needed. The beam can also be used as a drill to make holes in steal or even
diamonds. Because the beam is very small it’s very important in delicate
surgery and is used in eye operations.
Laser today
are used also in electronics, communications, in machine building and in many
other fields of science and national economy.
It’s
possible to use lasers for long distance space communications and the
transmission of energy to space stations. With the laser it is possible to
measure great distances, e.g.; the distance to the Moon is measured by the time
the light signal tares to reach the Moon and return.
Invention – изобретение; icebreaker
- ледокол;
beam - луч;
purpose – цель;
joint – соединение;
delicate surgery – щадящая хирургия;
communication - связь.
1.
In what fields of science have Russian
scientists achieved great success?
2.
Where is atomic energy used for peaceful
purposes?
3.
Who invented the first laser?
4.
What does the world “laser” mean?
5.
How do lasers work?
6.
Where are lasers used?
7.
How can lasers be used in space?